The end of our parsha
relates the story of the man who is caught transgressing the Shabbos by
gathering wood. According to a Midrash[1], God
asks tells Moshe why he did this. The
wood gatherer profaned the Shabbos because he was not wearing tefillin. If he had been wearing tefillin, merely seeing
them would have been enough to cause him to refrain from profaning the Shabbos.
So, God gave us the mitzvah of wearing
tzitzis which, unlike tefillin, applies on Shabbos as well. The mitzvah of tzitzis helps us to remember
the other mitzvos, “...
וראיתם אותו וזכרתם את כל מצותי .../… and you will see it and remember all my
mitzvos …” (Bamidbar 16:39)
The Sfas Emes asks
that although it is true that we do not wear tefillin on Shabbos, Shabbos
itself is a mitzvah. In fact, Chazal[2]
teach us that the reason we don’t wear tefillin on Shabbos is because it
replaces tefillin. Just as tefillin is a
sign connecting us to God, Shabbos is a sign connecting us to God. God relates regarding tefillin, “והיה לך לאות על ידכה/And
it will be a sign upon your arm.”
(Shmos 13:16) Regarding Shabbos God tells us, “כי אות היא ביני וביניכם/For
it is a sign between you and I.” (Shmos 31:13) Since we have the Shabbos as a sign, there is
no need for tefillin.[3] The Sfas Emes therefore asks why the mitzvah of
Shabbos wasn’t enough to remind the wood gatherer and prevent him from
transgressing.
To answer this
question the Sfas Emes differentiates between Shabbos and all other mitzvos. Chazal[4] teach
us that God took every human activity and made a mitzvah for it. Essentially, every action is a potential
mitzvah. If we perform a mitzvah, that
action is holy. If we do the exact same
action but it is not a mitzvah it is not holy. If we take a lulav on Succos, it is a holy
action. If we take a lulav the day after
Succos, it is not holy. By giving us
mitzvos, God gave us the ability to draw holiness into this world through our
actions. He wants us to draw holiness
into every aspect of our lives.
The holiness of Shabbos,
on the other hand, is not dependent upon us. Chazal teach us that the holiness of Shabbos
is established and set – kevia vekayama.[5] This is the reason that the middle bracha of
the Amida on Shabbos ends with, “מקדש
השבת/He makes the Shabbos holy” whereas the middle bracha of the
Amida on the holidays ends with, “מקדש ישראל והזמנים/He makes Israel and the times holy” Chazal interpret this as, “He makes Israel
holy who, in turn, make the times holy.” God makes Shabbos holy. We make the holidays holy. The Sfas Emes
teaches us that this is the same for every mitzvah.
It is clear now, why the Shabbos was not enough to prevent the wood gatherer from transgressing but a mitzvah such as tzitzis would have influenced him not to profane the Shabbos. We don’t do anything to make the Shabbos holy. It has less of an influence on us. Actually acting with the intent to perform a mitzvah has a much greater influence on us. May we merit it. Amen!
2 comments:
This is an interesting peshat. However, perhaps more than any other mitzvah, when an irreligious Jew experiences an authentic shabbos, this touches his neshama. Hundreds or perhaps thousands of many Baalei teshuva have returned to yiddishkeit as a result of kedusha of shabbos. How do we reconcile this to the sfas emes?
Your question is not so much on the Sfas Emes as it is on Chazal. The Midrash states that the wood gatherer needed either tefillin or tzitzis to influence him and prevent him from profaning the Shabbos. The Sfas Emes is merely explaining why the mitzvah of Shabbos itself was unable to influence him in the same way.
That said, your question stands and needs to be understood. I would say that if we keep Shabbos in a positive and proactive manner, it will also influence us the same way that any other positive commandment does.
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